Cardiology

Stent Placement

The non-surgical treatment method to open narrowed coronary arteries to increase blood flow to the heart is called stent placement and/or balloon angioplasty. Narrowed or clogged blood vessels (coronary arteries) that carry clean blood to the heart can be opened with this method. The decision for stenting may vary depending on the clinical condition of the patient.

What Is the Purpose of Stent Placement?

Balloon angioplasty (the operation of dilating the coronary vessels with a balloon) and stent placement are performed to reopen the coronary vessels after the placement of a specially designed catheter to the exit of the coronary arteries, to restore the nutrition of the heart to normal. By inflating a balloon located at the tip of a thin catheter and expanding with the help of pressurized fluid, the narrowed heart vessel can be opened. When the balloon is inflated, the fatty plaque is compressed against the blocked artery walls, increasing blood flow.

How is Stent Placement Made?

In most cases, stent placement is performed in combination with the balloon angioplasty procedure. A stent is a small metal mesh tube that acts as a skeleton to provide support within the coronary artery. A balloon catheter advanced over the guidewire is used to place a stent in the narrowed artery. When the stent reaches the narrowed area, the balloon is inflated and the stent expands in accordance with the diameter of the artery and attaches to the vessel wall.

After the balloon is deflated, the stent remains permanently at the point where it was placed. Within a few weeks, the stent heals by being covered with normal vascular cells (endothelium). Angioplasty with a stent is usually recommended for patients with narrowing or occlusion of one or both coronary arteries. If there is a blockage in more than two coronary arteries, coronary artery bypass surgery may be considered.

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